QUANTITIES REQUIRED for Plastering & Brickwork:

QUANTITIES REQUIRED::

 

Plastering (CM 1:3) = 1.50 bags / 10 m 2
Plastering (CM 1:5) = 1.05 bags / 10 m 2
Ceiling Plastering (CM 1:3) = 48 kg / 10 m 2
Brick work (CM 1:5) = 86 Kg / 10 m 3
Brick work (CM 1:6) 9" thick = 80.64 Kg / 10 m 3
Brick work (CM 1:3) 4½" thick = 15.46 Kg / 10 m 3
Lime for white washing = 10 Kg/100 m 2
Painting = 10 ltr/ 100 m 2
Distemper 1 st coat = 6.5 Kg / 100 m 2
Distemper 2 nd coat = 5.0 kg / 100 m 2
Snowcem 1 st coat = 30 Kg / 100 m 2
Snowcem 2 nd coat = 20 Kg / 100 m 2
Paint ready mixed one coat = 10 ltr / 100 m 2
Weathering Course = 7.68 Kg / m 2
Flooring = 8.10 kg / m 2
Pressed tiles for weathering course (CM 1:3) = 7.68 Kg / 10 m 2
Granolithic floor finish = 8.10 Kg / 10 m 2

MOST IMPORTANT POINTS FOR CIVIL ENGINEERS

Important Remembering points for CIVIL Engineere\s..

CONCRETE GRADE:

M5 = 1:5:10
M7.5=1:4:8
M10= 1:3:6
M15= 1:2:4
M20= 1:1.5:3
M25= 1:1:2
M30 & above grade based on Design Mix

CLEAR COVER TO MAIN REINFORCEMENT:

1.FOOTINGS : 50 mm
2.RAFT FOUNDATION.TOP : 50 mm
3.RAFT FOUNDATION.BOTTOM/SIDES : 75 mm
4.STRAP BEAM : 50 mm
5.GRADE SLAB : 20 mm
6.COLUMN : 40 mm
7.SHEAR WALL : 25 mm
8.BEAMS : 25 mm
9.SLABS : 15 mm
10.FLAT SLAB : 20 mm
11.STAIRCASE : 15 mm
12.RET. WALL : 20/ 25 mm on earth
13.WATER RETAINING STRUCTURES : 20/30 mm

WEIGHT OF ROD PER METER LENGTH:

DIA WEIGHT PER METER; (Formula=D^2/162)

6mm = 0.222Kg
8mm = 0.395 Kg
10mm = 0.616 Kg
12mm = 0.888 Kg
16mm = 1.578 Kg
20mm = 2.466 Kg
25mm = 3.853 Kg
32mm = 6.313 Kg
40mm = 9.865 Kg 

UNITS:

1bag cement-50kg
1feet-0.3048m
1m-3.28ft
1sq.m-10.76sq.ft
1cu.m-35.28cu.ft
1acre-43560sq.ft
1cent-435.6sq.ft
1hectare-2.47acre
1acre-100cent-4046.724sq.m
1ground-2400sq.ft
1unit-100cu.ft-2.83cu.m 

1square-100sq.ft

1 M LENGTH STEEL ROD I ITS VOLUME

V=(Pi/4)*Dia x DiaX L=(3.14/4)x D x D X 1 (for
1m length) Density of Steel=7850 kg/ cub meter
Weight = Volume x Density=(3.14/4)x D x D X
1x7850 (if D is in mm ) So = ((3.14/4)x D x D X
1x7850)/(1000x1000) = Dodd/162.27

DESIGN MIX:

M10 ( 1 : 3.92 : 5.62)
Cement : 210 Kg/ M 3
20 mm Jelly : 708 Kg/ M 3
12.5 mm Jelly : 472 Kg/ M 3
River sand : 823 Kg/ M 3
Total water : 185 Kg/ M 3
Fresh concrete density: 2398 Kg/M 3

M20 ( 1 : 2.48 : 3.55)
Cement : 320 Kg/ M 3
20 mm Jelly : 683 Kg/ M 3
12.5 mm Jelly : 455 Kg/ M 3
River sand : 794 Kg/ M 3
Total water : 176 Kg/ M 3
Admixture : 0.7%
Fresh concrete density: 2430 Kg/ M 3

M25 ( 1 : 2.28 : 3.27)
Cement : 340 Kg/ M 3
20 mm Jelly : 667 Kg/ M 3
12.5 mm Jelly : 445 Kg/ M 3
River sand : 775 Kg/ M 3
Total water : 185 Kg/ M 3
Admixture : 0.6%
Fresh concrete density: 2414 Kg/ M 3
Note: sand 775 + 2% moisture, Water185 -20.5 =
164 Liters,
Admixture = 0.5% is 100ml

M30 ( 1 : 2 : 2.87)
Cement : 380 Kg/ M 3
20 mm Jelly : 654 Kg/ M 3
12.5 mm Jelly : 436 Kg/ M 3
River sand : 760 Kg/ M 3
Total water : 187 Kg/ M 3
Admixture : 0.7%
Fresh concrete density: 2420 Kg/ M 3
Note: Sand = 760 Kg with 2% moisture
(170.80+15.20)

M35 ( 1 : 1.79 : 2.57)
Cement : 410 Kg/ M 3
20 mm Jelly : 632 Kg/ M 3
12.5 mm Jelly : 421 Kg/ M 3
River sand : 735 Kg/ M 3
Total water : 200 Kg/ M 3
Admixture : 0.7%
Fresh concrete density: 2400 Kg/ M 3
Note: sand = 735 + 2%, Water = 200- 14.7 =
185.30,
Admixture = 0.7%

M40 ( 1 : 1.67 : 2.39)
Cement : 430 Kg/ M 3
20 mm Jelly : 618 Kg/ M 3
12.5 mm Jelly : 412 Kg/ M 3
River sand : 718 Kg/ M 3
Water Cement ratio : 0.43
Admixture : 0.7%
Note: Sand = 718 + Bulk age 1%

M45 ( 1 : 1.58 : 2.26)
Cement : 450 Kg/ M 3
20 mm Jelly : 626 Kg/ M 3
12.5 mm Jelly : 417 Kg/ M 3
River sand : 727 Kg/ M 3 + Bulk age 1%
Water Cement ratio : 0.43
Admixture : 0.7%

M50 ( 1 : 1.44 : 2.23)
Cement : 450 Kg/ M 3
20 mm Jelly : 590 Kg/ M 3
12.5 mm Jelly : 483 Kg/ M 3
River sand : 689 Kg/ M 3 + Bulk age 12%
Water Cement ratio : 0.36 (188 Kg)
Admixture : 1.20%3
Micro silica : 30 Kg
Super flow 6.7% of cement

1 cubic meter contains 500 bricks?

The Standard size of the 1st class brick is 190mm x 90mm x 90mm 

and motor joint should be 10mm thick
So brick with motor=200 x 100 x 100.
Volume of 1st class brick = 0.19 x 0.09 X 0.09 = 0.001539 cu.m
Volume of 1st class brick with motor =0.2 x 0.1 x 0.1=0.002 cu.m
No. on bricks per 1cu.m= 1/volume of1st class brick with mortor
                                       =1/0.002
                                       = 500 no’s of bricks

STANDARD CONVERSION FACTORS

INCH = 25.4 MILLIMETRE
FOOT = 0.3048 METRE
YARD = 0.9144 METRE
MILE = 1.6093 KILOMETER
ACRE = 0.4047 HECTARE
POUND = 0.4536 KILOGRAM
DEGREE FARENHEIT X 5/9 – 32 = DEGREE CELSIUS
MILLIMETRE= 0.0394 INCH
METRE = 3.2808FOOT
METRE = 1.0936YARD
A rope having length 100cm.You can form any
shape using this rope (Example: Triangle,
Rectangle, etc.,). Which shape will covers
maximum area
1 Newton = o.101971 kg
1 mm2 = 0.01 cm2
1 cm2 = 100 mm2
1 mm2 = 20 N
100 mm2 = 2000N
1 cm2 = 2000N
2000 N = 203.942 kg
So 20 N/ mm2 = 203.942 kg / cm2

M20 Grade:RATIO IS 1:1.5:3

then volume is 1+1.5+3=5.5 and the total volume
for using mix=1.57 m3 then cement required=1/ 5.5*1.57 

=0.285m3*1440=411 kg. (8+bag)
sand requried=1.5/5.5*1.57=0.471m3
aggregate required=3/5.5*1.57=0.853m3
the standard volume of dry mix mortar=1.57.. 

U can check it in IS code also. 

Then volume is
1+1.5+3=5.5 and the total volume for using
mix=1.57 m3 then cement required =1/ 5.5*1.57

=0.285m3*1440=411 kg.(8+bag)
sand requried=1.5/5.5*1.57=0.471m3
aggregate required=3/5.5*1.57=0.853m3
the standard volume of dry mix mortar=1.57.. 

U can check it in IS code also.

MATERIAL CALCULATION:

CEMENT IN BAGS

01. PCC 1:5:10 1440/5*0.45 129.60Kg 2.59
02. PCC 1:4:8(M 7.5) 1440/4*0.45 162.00Kg 3.24
03. PCC 1:2:4(M 15) 1440/2*0.45 324.00Kg 6.48
04. PCC 1:3:6(M 10) 1440/3*0.45 216.00Kg 4.32
05. RCC 1:2:4(M 15) 144/2*0.45 324.00Kg 6.48
06. RCC 1:1.5:3(M 20) 1440/1.5*0.45 32.00Kg 8.64
07. RCC 1:1:2(M 25) 370.00Kg 7.40
08. RCC M 30 410.00Kg 8.20
09. RCC M35 445.00Kg 8.90
10. RCC M40 480.00Kg 9.60
11. Damp Proof Course
CM1:3,20mm tk 1440/3*0.022 10.56Kg 0.21
12. 2"tk precast slab M15 324*0.05 16.20Kg 0.32
13. 3"tk precast slab M15 324*0.075 24.30Kg 0.49
14. GC Masonry CM 1:7 1440/7*0.34 70.00Kg 1.40
15. Brick Work CM 1:6 1440/6*0.25 60.00Kg 1.20
16. Brick Work CM 1:4, 115tk 1440/4*0.25*0.115 10.35Kg 0.21
17. Grano Flooring CC 1:1.5:3 1440/1.5*0.45*0.05 21.60Kg 0.43
18. Plastering CM 1:3, 12mm tk 1440/3*0.014 6.72Kg 0.13
19. Wall Plastering CM 1:4,
12mm tk 1440/4*0.014 5.00Kg 0.10
20. Laying Pressed Tiles Over
a CM 1:4, 20mm tk 1440/4*0.022 7.92Kg 0.16
21. Ceramic Tiles, Marble,
Granite, Caddapah Slab
CM 1:4, 20mm tk 1440/4*0.022 7.92Kg 0.16
22. Hollow Block Masonry
CM 1:6, 200mm tk/m¬2¬ 10.00Kg 0.20

SAND CALCULATION (CFT):

01. Any Concrete Work
(PCC, RCC) 0.45*35.315= 20.00
02. Damp Proof Course
CM `1:3, 20mm tk 1.00
03. 2"tk Precast slab M15 1.00
04. 3"tk Precast slab M15 1.50
05. SS Masonry in CM 1:7 15.00
06. Brick Work in CM 1:6 15.00
07. Brick Work in CM 1:4,115mm tk 2.00
08. Grano Flooring in CC 1:1.5:3 1.00
09. Plastering in CM 1:3, 12mm tk 1.00
10. Wall Plastering CM 1:4, 12mm tk 1.00
11. Laying Pressed Tiles over a CM 1:4, 20mm tk 1.00
12. Ceramic Tiles, Marble, Granite, Cuddapah slab
CM 1:4, 20mm tk 1.00

METAL CALCULATION:

01. Any Concrete Work 32.00 cft
02. Grano Flooring in CC 1:1.5:3, 50mm tk 1.60 cft
03. Grano Flooring in CC 1:1.5:3, 75mm tk 2.40 cft
04. Grano Flooring in CC 1:1.5:3, 100mm tk 3.20 cft
05. Bricks/cum 450.00 Nos
06. Size Stone/ cum 90.00 Nos
07. Rough Stone 10.00 cft
08. Bond Stone/ cum 10.00 Nos
09. Cement Paint/100 Sft 2.00 Kg
10. White Cement/100 Sft 2.00 Kg
11. Janathacem/100 Sft 1.50 Kg
12. Enamel Paint/100 Sft - 2 Coats 1.25 Litre
13. Wall Putty/100 Sft 10.00 Kg
14. Plaster of Paris/100 Sft 25.00 Kg
15. Distember/100 Sft 2.00 Kg
16. Cement Primer 0.60 Litre
0.40 Litre
17. Weathering Course
Lime 12.50 Kg
Brick bats 32.00 Kg
18. Providing Sand Gravel Mix- Cum
Sand 20.00 Cft
Gravel 40.00 Cft
19.WBM - 75mm tk - 1st Layer - 10 Sqm
Metel(60-40 mm) 35.00 Cft
Gravel 10.00 Cft
20. Pressed Tiles - Sqm 20.00 Nos
21. Hollow Block - 200mm tk 14.00 Nos

CONVERSION TABLE:

01. 1 RM 3.28 Rft
02. 1 Sqm 10.76 Sft
03. 1 Cum 35.32 Cft
04. 1 Inch 2.54 cm
05. 1 sft 0.09Sqm
06. 1 Acre 0.04 Hectare
07. 1 Hectare 2.47 Acres
08. 1 Cft 0.028 Cum
09. 1 Feet 12.00 Inch
10. 1 Feet 0.305 M
11. 1 Cum 1000.00 Litre

UNIT WEIGHT:

01. Concrete 25 kN/m3
02. Brick 19 kN/m3
03. Steel 7850 Kg/m3
04. Water 1000 Lt/m3
05. Cement 1440 Kg/m3
06. 1Gallon 4.81 Litres
07. Link 8" = 200mm
08. 1 Hectare 2.471 acr(10000m2)
09. 1 Acr 4046.82m2 = 100 cent

DEVELOPMENT LENGTH:

01. Compression 38d
02. Tension 47 & 60d
03. 1 Cent 435.60 Sft
04. 1 Meter 3.2808 ft
05. 1 M2 10.76 ft2
06. 1 Feet 0.3048m
07. 1 KN 100Kg
08. 1kN 1000N
09. 1 Ton 1000Kg = 10,000 N = 10 kN
10. 1 kG 9.81N 

M5=2.54Bg/m3, M7.5=3.18Bg/m3, M10=4.32Bg/ m3,
M20=8.64Bg/m3, M25=12.9 Bg/m3,
M40=500+100Kg/m3
1m3 Conrete = 0.9 m3 Jelly + 0.55 m3 Sand + 0.225 m3 cement

BRICK:

Weight = 3.17 - 3.80 Kg
Water absorption 12 to 15%
Compressive strength = 36Kn/cm2
230mm Wall/m3 = 460 Bricks + 20Cft Sand + 66Kg Cement
SSM 1:7/m3 = Slize 95 + Soiling 8 Cft +60.5 Kg 

Current = 1000 Watts = 1 Unit, 25Watt*40Hr = 1Unit
Sunshade = 65mm - 0.56 bag/m2,
                  = 90mm - 0.78 bag/m2
Tiles, Kotta, Marble - 0.33,,,

If any mistakes, pls comment here...

UPSC - Civil Services Main Previous Year Question Papers

Civil Services Main Exam is conducted by the UPSC every year. The pattern was changed from 2013. The exam consists of 9 papers - Indian Language (Qualifying), English (Qualifying), Essay, 4 papers of General Studies and 2 papers of optional subject.

Download Files:

CS Main 2011 English Language Paper
CS Main 2011 Essay Paper
CS Main 2011 General Studies Paper - I
CS Main 2011 General Studies Paper - II
CS Main 2012 English Language Paper
CS Main 2012 Essay Paper
CS Main 2012 General Studies Paper - I
CS Main 2012 General Studies Paper - II
CS Main 2013 English Language Paper
CS Main 2013 Essay Paper
CS Main 2013 General Studies Paper - I
CS Main 2013 General Studies Paper - II
CS Main 2013 General Studies Paper - III
CS Main 2013 General Studies Paper - IV

Top 10 Construction Companies in India

Top Construction Companies in India

 Here is a list of top 10 construction companies in India; these are the best companies in Real estate and development sector.

1 | GMR Group
Website – www.gmrgroup.in | Business – Construction
Corporate Office – Bangalore, Karnataka | Establishment – 1978
One of the fastest growing construction company in India having implemented many project successfully across India as well as abroad. They focus mainly on Highways , Airports, Urban Infrastructure sectors and Energy.

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2 | Lanco Infratech Limited
Website – www.lancogroup.com | Business – Construction
Corporate Office – New Delhi, India | Establishment – 1986
One of the best construction companies in India working innovatively to achieve quality and excellence. They have a foothold in the sector of Procurement, Construction (EPC), Engineering, Natural Resources, Infrastructure and Power.

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3 | Man Infraconstruction Limited
Website – www.maninfra.com | Business – Construction
Corporate Office – Mumbai, Maharashtra | Establishment – 1964
One of the leading company having expertise in Industrial Constructions, Commercial & Institutional Constructions, Road constructions, Residential Constructions and Port Infrastructure.

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4 | Atlanta Limited
Corporate Office – Mumbai, Maharashtra | Business –  Construction
Website – www.atlantainfra.co.in | Establishment – 1977
An ISO 9001:2008 certified company having presence in Construction (EPC), Procurement, & Realty, Engineering, and Public Private Partnership (PPP) Infrastructure Development Projects and Contract mining of coal and limestone.

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5 | Simplex Infrastructures Limited
Corporate Office – Kolkata, West Bengal | Business – Construction
Website – www.simplexinfrastructures.com | Establishment – 1924
Simplex is among the top ten construction companies in India providing solutions in construction and infrastructure sector and was the first to introduce driven cast-in-situ concrete piling in India and South East Asia.

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6 | IVRCL Limited
Website -www.ivrcl.com | Business – Construction & Engineering
Corporate Office – Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh | Establishment – 1987
IVRCL tops the list of top construction companies in India. IVRCL has expertise in water segment , industrial structures, buildings, flyovers, , bridges, real estate, highways, power transmission , roads, power transmission, railways, real estate & water treatment plants. They have also set-up sea water desalination plant.

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7 | Hindustan Construction Co. Limited
Website -www.hccindia.com | Business –  Real estate development, Construction & Engineering Corporate Office – Mumbai, Maharashtra | Establishment -1926
HCC is a major provider of construction and engineering services. HCC has developed some of the significant projects which includes Lavasa which is a planned hill city near Pune and nuclear power generation plants.

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8 | Ramky Infrastructure Limited
Website -www.ramkyinfrastructure.com | Business –  Real estate development & Construction
Corporate Office – Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh | Establishment – 1994
Ramky Infra is a construction company having done many infrastructure and construction projects in different sectors which includes the Railways, Irrigation and Roads. Company has five zonal offices in India and an office in UAE to handle international projects.

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9 | IL&FS Engineering and Construction Company Limited
Website -www.ilfsengg.com | Business – Construction & Engineering
Corporate Office – Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh | Establishment – 1988
One of the leading infrastructure development company working in various segments which includes Thermal and Hydel Power, Buildings and Industrial Structures, Roads and Irrigation and with their innovative approach company is trying to extend their business in new segments.

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10 | Gammon India
Website -www.gammonindia.com | Business – Civil Engineering & Construction
Corporate Office – Mumbai, Maharashtra | Establishment – 1922
One of the best civil engineering and construction company in India. Some of the toughest projects executed by company includes Gateway of India and fast breeder reactor. The companies core competencies comprises of transmission lines,infrastructure management and power sector.

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If you would like to add a Construction Company that you consider most appropriate in this ranking of top construction companies in India.

 Please suggest it here...

CEMENT CONSUMPTION FOR M20 GRADE CEMENT

Formula for calculating cement consumption for M20 grade nominal mix concrete:::::

M20 = 1:1.5:3

Volume = 1+1.5+3=(5.5 parts )
Total volume ingredients for using 2omm jelly =1.57

Volume of broken stone Require = (3/5.5) x 1.57 = .856 Cum

Volume of sand Require = (1.5/5.5 ) x 1.57 = .471 Cum

Volume of cement = (1/5.5) x 1.57 = .285 Cum = .285 x1440 = 411 kg = (8.22 bag )

For 1Cum of M20 ( 1:1.5:3 ) 20mm

ANSWER:

Jelly = 0.856 cu.m
Sand = 0.472 cu.m
Cement = 8.22 bags

Similarly we calculate for other grade concretes..
 

Civil Engineering GATE question paper

Civil Engineering GATE question paper - yearwise:

Previous GATE papers with answer keys

Download GATE Papers  with solved problems below...

1.GATE 2014						Paper – 1 Paper – 2
2.GATE 2013
3.GATE 2012
4.GATE 2011
5.GATE 2010
6.GATE 2009
7.GATE 2008
8.GATE 2007
9.GATE 2006
10.GATE2005
Discuss GATE Question Papers

Will be published soon....

Civil Engineering History

                             Civil engineering is a professional engineering discipline that deals with the design, construction, and maintenance of the physical and naturally built environment, including works like roads, bridges, canals, dams, and buildings.Civil engineering is the second-oldest engineering discipline after military engineering, and it is defined to distinguish non-military engineering from military engineering. It is traditionally broken into several sub-disciplines including architectural engineering, environmental engineering, geotechnical engineering, geophysics,  municipal or urban engineering, water resources engineering, materials engineering, offshore engineering, aerospace engineering, quantity surveying, coastal engineering, surveying, and construction engineering, etc.. Civil engineering takes place in the public sector from municipal through to national governments, and in the private sector from individual homeowners through to international companies.

 Brief History:
                       Engineering has been an aspect of life since the beginnings of human existence. The earliest practice of civil engineering may have commenced between 4000 and 2000 BC in Ancient Egypt and Mesopotamia (Ancient Iraq) when humans started to abandon a nomadic existence, creating a need for the construction of shelter. During this time, transportation became increasingly important leading to the development of the wheel and sailing.
         
In the 18th century, the term civil engineering was coined to incorporate all things civilian as opposed to military engineering.The first self-proclaimed civil engineer was John Smeaton, who constructed the Eddystone Lighthouse. In 1771 Smeaton and some of his colleagues formed the Smeatonian Society of Civil Engineers, a group of leaders of the profession who met informally over dinner. Though there was evidence of some technical meetings, it was little more than a social society.
In 1818 the Institution of Civil Engineers was founded in London, and in 1820 the eminent engineer Thomas Telford became its first president. The institution received a Royal Charter in 1828, formally recognising civil engineering as a profession. Its charter defined civil engineering as:

“

the art of directing the great sources of power in nature for the use and convenience of man, as the means of production and of traffic in states, both for external and internal trade, as applied in the construction of roads, bridges, aqueducts, canals, river navigation and docks for internal intercourse and exchange, and in the construction of ports, harbours, moles, breakwaters and lighthouses, and in the art of navigation by artificial power for the purposes of commerce, and in the construction and application of machinery, and in the drainage of cities and towns.

”

The first private college to teach Civil Engineering in the United States was Norwich University, founded in 1819 by Captain Alden Partridge. The first degree in Civil Engineering in the United States was awarded by Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute in 1835. The first such degree to be awarded to a woman was granted by Cornell University to Nora Stanton Blatch in 1905.

                               Civil Engineering profession, although is the oldest profession did not have a Society of its own in India unlike other engineering disciplines

Source:wikipedia